We are pleased to present the 02/2026 issue of Przegląd Lekarski – Jagiellonian Medical Review, which brings together a diverse selection of new, insightful, and clinically relevant publications. This issue reflects the broad scope of contemporary medicine, ranging from original research and narrative reviews to instructive clinical images that highlight diagnostic complexity, interdisciplinary decision-making, and the value of careful clinical observation.

We are also glad to announce that Przegląd Lekarski – Jagiellonian Medical Review has been successfully indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). This represents an important step in strengthening the journal’s international visibility, accessibility, and academic credibility. At the same time, we continue our efforts toward having our journal indexed in further scientific databases, with the aim of expanding its reach and increasing the impact of the research published therein.

In this issue, Zięba et al1 demonstrated that cardiovascular complaints among medical students are more strongly associated with psychological distress than with psychiatric pharmacotherapy itself. In their survey, treatment was followed by reduced incidence of dizziness, syncope, palpitations, chest pain, bleeding-related symptoms, orthostatic hypotension, and cold extremities, supporting the cardiovascular relevance of effective mental health care.

Majka et al2 provided a comprehensive epidemiological synthesis of os subtibiale, confirming its rarity but emphasizing its clinical importance. By estimating a pooled prevalence of 0.51%, with geographic differences between European and Asian populations, the authors highlighted that correct recognition of this anatomical variant may prevent misdiagnosis as medial malleolar fracture and help avoid of unnecessary intervention.

Czerwiec and Sobczyk3 illustrated how paramedic-performed prehospital point-of-care ultrasound can refine early diagnostic reasoning in hemodynamically unstable patients. Their review, supported by a case series, showed that ultrasound may support differentiation of hypovolemic, obstructive, and cardiogenic shock, guide triage, and accelerate targeted management, while also underscoring the need for prospective outcome studies.

Kańtoch et al4 showed that a seemingly nonspecific systolic murmur may conceal complex structural heart disease. In their case, multimodality imaging identified a large atrial septal defect, severe primary mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, and pulmonary hypertension, reinforcing the diagnostic value of comprehensive echocardiographic assessment and heart-team decision-making.

Kasza et al5 presented a dramatic neonatal clinical image in which massive intraventricular hemorrhage led to hydrocephalus and subsequent isolated fourth ventricle. The report emphasized that rapid neuroimaging, external ventricular drainage, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and subsequent targeted posterior fossa and endoscopic intervention may be essential for stabilizing rare but life-threatening pediatric neurosurgical complications.

Płonka-Stępień et al6 highlighted the educational potential of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) beyond insulin-treated diabetes. In a newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes, temporary CGM use improved understanding of diet, meal timing, physical activity, and glycemic variability, suggesting that short-term sensor-based feedback may enhance lifestyle modification when reimbursement barriers limit long-term use.

Finally, Kustra et al7 reported infantile moyamoya disease linked to a rare de novo RNF213 variant, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this vasculopathy. This clinical image underscores the importance of genetic evaluation in early-onset cerebrovascular disease, particularly when recurrent ischemic events, vascular stenoses, collateral formation, and complex treatment constraints coexist in infancy.

Together, the contributions included in this issue highlight the continuing importance of careful clinical assessment, appropriate use of modern diagnostic tools, and multidisciplinary interpretation of complex presentations. We hope that these publications will be useful to both clinicians and researchers, and that they will stimulate further discussion across different fields of medicine.