To the editor
We read with great interest the paper by Grzelka-Woźniak et al1 published recently in Polish Archives of Internal Medicine. The authors of this study analyzed the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In total, 151 adult patients with T1DM were included. Their liver steatosis and fibrosis were measured noninvasively using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and transient elastography, respectively. CAP values above 238 dB/m were indicative of NAFLD. Such values were found in 43% of the recruited patients, who also had lower insulin sensitivity, as compared with the individuals with CAP below 238 dB/m. Grzelka-Woźniak et al1 concluded that NAFLD might coexist with T1DM, particularly in the setting of reduced insulin sensitivity, and recommended using indirect IR markers to assess the NAFLD risk in T1DM patients.
First of all, we would like to congratulate the authors on tackling an important topic. Indeed, fatty liver is becoming one of the most common liver conditions worldwide.2 Although liver biopsy is regarded as a reliable tool for measuring liver steatosis, noninvasive methods are widely applied in the clinic. In brief, CAP is an ultrasound-based technique that measures attenuation of ultrasound waves in the liver to assess hepatic fat content. The CAP results are presented in dB/m and range from 100 to 400 dB/m. The CAP cutoff of 238 dB/m used in the current work was also adopted in a 2010 study by Sasso et al3 to detect hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, based on the currently available data, this threshold might be considered relatively low.4 For example, the authors of the recent Practice Guidance of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases on the clinical assessment and management of NAFLD2 suggested using the CAP threshold of at least 288 dB/m for detecting hepatic steatosis. We acknowledge that the CAP cutoffs have been varying in recent years, and different values have been reported as optimal for detecting fatty liver.5 However, the applied CAP cutoff of 238 dB/m might result in a falsely high number of patients with liver steatosis. Hence, the authors of the current study1 might consider reanalyzing their data using a higher CAP threshold. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis using various CAP cutoff values for detecting hepatic steatosis could help better define the association between the measured indirect IR markers and fatty liver in patients with T1DM.
Marcin Krawczyk, MD, Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany, phone: +49 684111615000, email: marcin.krawczyk@uks.eu
January 29, 2024.
Wiktor Smyk, Marcin Krawczyk (WS: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland; MK: Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland)
None declared.
Smyk W, Krawczyk M. Controlled attenuation parameter for the assessment of fatty liver in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: which cutoffs to choose? Pol Arch Intern Med. 2024; 134: 16613. doi:10.20452/pamw.16613
- 1.
- Grzelka-Woźniak A, Uruska A, Szymańska-Garbacz E, et al. Indirect insulin resistance markers are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 1 diabetes. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023; 133: 16404.Crossref
- 2.
- Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023; 77: 1797-1835.Crossref
- 3.
- Sasso M, Beaugrand M, de Ledinghen V, et al. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): a novel VCTE™ guided ultrasonic attenuation measurement for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis: preliminary study and validation in a cohort of patients with chronic liver disease from various causes. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010; 36: 1825-1835.Crossref
- 4.
- Petroff D, Blank V, Newsome PN, et al. Assessment of hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter using the M and XL probes: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021; 6: 185-198.Crossref
- 5.
- Kozłowska-Petriczko K, Wunsch E, Milkiewicz P. Controlled attenuation parameter in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the thresholds do matter. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021; 19: 1507-1508.Crossref