INTRODUCTION    The higher prevalence and risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are still observed in hemodialysis (HD) patients compared with healthy people. Interferons (IFNs) are known for their involvement in immune response. The addition of IFN-λ3 to immunization in animal models was shown to increase the immune response of T he lper‑1 cells. OBJECTIVES We studied whether polymorphisms of the IFN-λ3 gene (IFNL3) might be associated with the development of antibodies to HBV surface antigen [anti‑HBs] in response to the HBV vaccination or HBV infection as well as spontaneous resolution of HCV infectio n in HD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The HD group consisted of 806 individuals without a history of HBV or HCV infection (of whom 672 developed anti‑HBs in response to the HBV vaccination), 241 HBV‑infected patients (of whom 186 developed anti‑HBs), and 63 HCV‑infected patients (including 39 HCV RNA‑positive subjects). All patients were genotyped for IFNL3 rs8099917 and rs12979860 polymorphisms using a high‑resolution melting curve analysis. RESULTS The comparison of responders and nonresponders to HBV vaccination revealed no significant differences in the IFNL3 genotype distribution. In HBV‑infected patients, the differences in the distribution of IFNL3 variants between anti‑HBs‑negative and anti‑HBs‑positive patients were also nonsignificant. Spontaneous HCV clearance was significantly less common in the carriers of the rs8099917 allele G or rs12979860 allele T, while the CT rs12979860_rs8099917 haplotype was more frequent (P = 0.02) in patients showing spontaneous HCV clearance. CONCLUSIONS In HD patients, the IFNL3 polymorphisms do not affect anti‑HBs development in response to HBV infection or vaccination, but might be involved in the r esolution of HCV infection.