Association between central and peripheral blood pressure and periodontal disease in patients with a history of myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTION    Central and peripheral blood pressure (BP) and periodontal disease (PD) are considered to be related to the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is scarce evidence on the association between chronic PD and BP.
OBJECTIVES    The aim of the study was to assess the relation between chronic PD, antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) gingipains and central and peripheral BP in high-risk patients with previousmyocardial infarction.
PATIENTS AND METHODS    We examined 99 patients (71 men and 28 women) 6 to 18 months after myocardial infarction. The periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). BP was measured noninvasively using the Mobil-O-Graph device. Antibody titers against P.g. gingipains were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between CPI and BP was assessed using logistic regression models.
RESULTS    The mean age of participants was 60.5 ±8.7 years. After the adjustment for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, number of antihypertensive drugs, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index, and left ventricular ejection fraction, an association was found between central and peripheral BP and the CPI. Patients from the CPI 3 + 4 group were found to have almost 3 times higher odds of central BP of 130/90 mmHg or higher and more than 3 times higher odds of peripheral BP of 140/90 mmHg or higher compared with patients from the CPI 1 + 2 group.
CONCLUSIONS    The severity of PD was associated with increased central and peripheral BP. The association between BP and PD may partially explain the cardiovascular risk related to chronic PD. Proteolytic activity of P.g. gingipains was not associated with BP.