INTRODUCTION Celiac disease (CD) is an immune‑mediated enteropathy related to permanent gluten intolerance, characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms as well as nongastrointestinal symptoms, including neurologic ones. The presence of neuron‑specific enolase (NSE), interleukin 10 (IL‑10), and antiganglioside M1 (anti‑GM1) antibodies has been demonstrated for neurologic conditions as well as immune disorders with neurologic manifestations. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of IL‑10, NSE, and anti‑GM1 antibodies in the course of CD and their correlation with changes in electrogastrography (EGG) and with heart rate variability (HRV). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 68 participants: 34 patients with CD and 34 healthy individuals. We assessed the concentrations of IL‑10 and NSE as well as the presence of anti‑GM1 antibodies in serum. We investigated correlations between the concentrations of IL‑10, NSE, and anti‑GM1 antibodies and the results of EGG and HRV. RESULTS Patients with CD had a higher level of anti‑GM1 antibodies than controls (1.38 ng/ml [0.98–2.03 ng/ml] vs 0.81 ng/ml [0.35–1.15 ng/ml]). Median IL‑10 concentrations in patients with CD differed significantly from those in controls (7 pg/ml [4.33–11.48 pg/ml] vs 4.27 pg/ml [2.44–7 pg/ml]; P = 0.010). In HRV analysis, a positive correlation between IL‑10 concentrations and very low frequency spectrum was observed (r = 0.63; P = 0.003). There was no correlation between the concentrations of IL‑10, NSE, or anti‑GM1 antibodies and EGG parameters. CONCLUSIONS Chronic inflammation in the course of CD may lead to autonomic nervous system impairment and development of neurologic disorders. Therefore, anti‑GM1 antibodies and IL‑10 may be considered as markers of nervous system impairment in the course of CD.