Increased prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in young patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Introduction There is substantial evidence that spondyloarthropathies, such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), may increase cardiovascular risk.
Objectives The study aimed to compare development of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries between patients with AS and individuals without rheumatic dise ases.
Patients and methods A total of 37 adult patients with AS (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [9.6] years; men, 26 [70.3%]), with disease duration of less than 10 years were enrolled. The control group consisted of 76 participants without rheumatic diseases. Controls were matched for age, sex, history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking status. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed in both groups.
Results Atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries were present in 18 patients (48.7%) with AS compared with 20 controls (26.3%) (P = 0.02). Univariate analysis performed in the AS group demonstrated an association between the presence of lesions and age (P = 0.02), hypertension (P = 0.003), and dyslipidemia (P = 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension (P = 0.008) and with dyslipidemia (P = 0.001). The average plaque burden was higher in patients with AS than in controls (mean [SD], 42.2% [4.7%] vs 36.5% [3.1%], P <0.0001).
Conclusions Atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries were significantly more prevalent in patients with AS. A strong association was demonstrated between atherosclerotic lesions and age, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our results confirm the need for cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with AS and cardiovascular prevention, if indicated.