Levels of sVCAM‑1 and sICAM‑1 in patients with Lyme disease

Introduction Lyme disease is a multi‑organ animal‑borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Objectives As the pathogenesis of Lyme borreliosis is not fully understood, the study has been designed to examine levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (sVCAM‑1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (sICAM‑1) in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Lyme borreliosis and their associations with clinical signs and symptoms and anti‑Borrelia burgdorferi (anti‑Bb) antibody titers. Patients and methods Sixty‑four patients were enrolled in the study, including 39 patients treated for Lyme borreliosis and 25 without the disease (control group). In both groups sVCAM‑1 and sICAM‑1 levels were determined in serum and the CSF. Results Mean serum sICAM‑1 and sVCAM‑1 levels were higher in patients with Lyme borreliosis than in the control group. Serum sICAM‑1 levels were significantly lower among patients with results positive for immunoglobulin M seroreactivity with Bb than among those with negative antibody responses. In patients with Bb‑specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, significantly higher serum sICAM‑1 levels were found. Higher sVCAM‑1 and sICAM‑1 levels in the CSF were observed in patients positive for anti‑Bb IgG antibody titers in the CSF. Conclusions In patients with Lyme borreliosis, endothelial cell activation results in elevated levels of sICAM‑1 and sVCAM‑1 in serum and the CSF.