Lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: importance of cellular senescence

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of lung cancer, independently of smoking, although the link between these diseases remains unknown. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms include inflammation and cellular senescence. COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with secretion of numerous inflammatory mediators, many of which play a documented role in the promotion of cancer cell progression. COPD is also an age‑related disease involving increased cellular senescence, an important hallmark of aging. Previous studies have confirmed the significant role of cellular senescence in the development of various tumors, including lung cancer. It is highly probable that cellular senescence contributes to carcinogenesis in COPD patients.